DIRECT AND INDIRECT SPEECH (REPORTED SPEECH)

Direct Speech adalah KALIMAT LANGSUNG. Kalimat yang langsung diucapkan oleh Subyek, dan di tandai dengan tanda petik (“…..”).

Indirect Speech adalah KALIMAT TAK LANGSUNG. Kalimat yang dilaporkan pada orang lain secara tak langsung. Biasanya menggunakan THAT, dan tidak lagi menggunakan tanda petik.
Ketika kita merubah kalimat langsung menjadi kalimat tidak langsung, ada beberapa hal yang mengalami perubahan diantaranya :
1. PERUBAHAN STRUKTUR KALIMAT
Direct Speech Indirect Speech
He said, “ You can’t go to the party”. He said that I couldn’t go to the party
Rita said, “Nabil must learn english” Rita said that Nabil had to learn English
He ordered me, “Don’t watch the movie”. He ordered me to didn’t watch the movie

2. TENSES
Di bawah ini adalah tabel perubahan tenses, dari Direct Speech menjadi Indirect Speech

No. Direct Speech Indirect Speech
1. Simple Present Tense > Simple Past Tense
2. Present Continuous > Past Continuous
3. Present Future > Past Future
4. Present Perfect > Past Perfect
5. Present Perfect Continuous > Past Perfect Continuous
6. Simple Past > Past Perfect
7. Past Continuous > Past Perfect Continuous

3. PRONOUN (KATA GANTI ORANG)
A. Kata ganti orang pertama I, We, He, She, It, They tidak mengalami perubahan.
B. “You” berubah menjadi “I”.

4. KETERANGAN WAKTU DAN TEMPAT
Now → Then
Today → That day
Tonight → That night
This week → That week
Yesterday → The day before
The day before yesterday → Two days before
Last night → The night before
Last week/year → The previous week/year
A year ago → A year before/The previous year
Three years ago → Three years before
Tomorrow → The next day/The following day
The day after tomorrow → In two day’s time/The following day
Next week/year → The following week/year
On Sunday → On Sunday
Here → There
This book → The book
This → That
These → Those
Over there → Over there

5. PERUBAHAN KATA BANTU (AUXILIARIES)
Can → Could
May → Might
Might → Might
Must → Would have to (kegiatan yang akan datang)/had to (keharusan yang biasa)
*etc.
Direct and Indirect Speech ada 3 macam:
1. Statement (Pernyataan) yang menggunakan “that”
He said, “we will pray at the mosque tomorrow”
He said that they would pray to the mosque the next day.

2. Command (Perintah) menambahkan kata “to” sebagai penghubung kalimat melaporkan dengan yang dilaporkan. “not to” dalam perintah negatif.
He told me, “watch me !”
He told me to watch him.

3. Question (Pertanyaan) jika kalimat dari jenis “yes or no question”, maka bentuk laporannya menggunakan if atau whether.
Andre asked me, “Do you really love me?”
Andre asked me if/whether I really loved him.

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